Sample interview questions: Can you explain the process of water intake and discharge in a hydroelectric power plant?
Sample answer:
The process of water intake and discharge in a hydroelectric power plant involves several important steps. Firstly, the intake structure is designed to efficiently capture water from a reliable water source, such as a river, lake, or reservoir. This structure may include gates or screens to prevent debris from entering the system.
Once the water is captured, it is directed towards the penstock, a large pipe or conduit that carries the water from the intake to the turbine. The penstock is designed to minimize energy losses and maintain a consistent flow rate. It is typically made of durable materials, such as steel or reinforced concrete, to withstand the pressure and weight of the water.
Before reaching the turbine, the water may pass through a forebay or surge tank, which helps regulate the flow and pressure. This is important for ensuring the stability and efficiency of the turbine operation. The forebay or surge tank allows for the accommodation of sudden changes in water flow, preventing damage to the system.
Next, the water enters the turbine, which is the heart of the hydroelectric power plant. The turbine converts the potential energy of the falling or flowing water into mechanical energy by spinning a shaft. There are various types of turbines used in hydroelectric plants, such as Pelton, Francis, or Kaplan turbines, each suitable for different flow conditions.
As the turbine rotates, it is connected to a generator through a shaft. The generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. This electrical energy is then transmitted to the power grid for distribution to consumers.
After passing through the turbine, the water… Read full answer
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